Cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tiv thaiv yog cov khau tiv thaiv kom tiv thaiv tau ko taw hauv cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv, nrog rau cov khau tiv thaiv kab mob, nkawm khau thiab hluav taws xob hluav taws xob, uas tuaj yeem tiv thaiv kev puas tsuaj thiab hluav taws xob.
Qhov ua rau hluav taws xob muaj hluav taws xob rau tib neeg lub cev
Kev ua rau hluav taws xob hauv hluav taws xob ua rau tib neeg lub cev: ua rau muaj kev puas siab ntsws, ua rau muaj kev xwm txheej, thiab yuav ua rau muaj kev puas siab ntsws thiab dermatitis vim muaj hluav taws xob. Qhov tsim kev puas tsuaj ntawm qhov hluav taws xob zoo yog qhov uas muaj kev kub ntxhov thiab kev raug mob hnyav ua rau lub neej ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm thiab ua rau muaj kev puas tsuaj loj hauv cov chaw ua haujlwm.
Fais fab tuag yog ib qho kev sib tsoo thiab muaj peev xwm raug faib ua hluav taws xob thiab tiv thaiv tsis tau hluav taws xob. Qhov qub yog qhov kev raug mob tam sim no, uas tuaj yeem ua rau lub hauv paus ntawm tib neeg lub cev, xws li lub plawv, kev ua pa, thiab lub hlwb. Cov neeg ntes hnyav tau muaj kev nkag siab ntawm kabmob thiab qhov muag, thiab muaj ntau lub cev, qaug zog, ntshav siab, thiab arrhythmia kom txog rau thaum coma; nyob rau hauv cov mob hnyav, qhov ntswg qhov quav, plawv nres, kev ua pa, thiab kev tuag yuav tshwm sim. Cov tom kawg yog kev raug mob ntawm arc, uas yog kev siv los ntawm electrocautery, fais fab tuag, carbonization ntawm daim tawv nqaij, thiab nqaij tawv, pob txha thiab cov hauv nruab nrog cev.
Qhov kev tshawb fawb ntawm cov kws tshawb fawb pom tias pom tias tib neeg kev xav tam sim no yog 1.1 mA rau cov txiv neej laus thiab 0.7 mA rau cov poj niam laus; tam sim no rau cov neeg laus yog 16 mA thiab qhov nruab nrab rau cov poj niam laus laus yog 10.5 mA. Thaum lub fais fab tuag tam sim no siab tshaj qhov tam sim no, hluav taws xob lub zog tsis tuaj yeem cuam tshuam tau cov hwj huam tawm. Yog tias tsis muaj quab yuam sab nraud, lub sijhawm hluav taws xob yuav raug siv sij hawm ntev thiab qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev tuag yuav tshwm sim. Ob txhais tes thiab ob txhais taw yog qhov chaw uas tam sim no feem ntau yuav ua kev puas tsuaj los ntawm tib neeg lub cev.
Kev faib tawm ntawm cov hluav taws xob kev tiv thaiv khau
Cov khau thaiv kev tiv thaiv thiab cov khau thaiv kab mob tau muab faib ua cov khau tawv thiab cov ntaub ntim roj hmab khau raws li cov ntaub ntawv. Cov khau tawv tuaj yeem raug muab faib ua hom nplaum, hom tshuaj thiab moulding hom raws li cov txheej txheem ntau lawm. Cov khau rau hluav taws xob tau muab faib ua khau tawv, nkawm khau ntaub, nkawm khau roj hmab thiab cov khau yas raws li cov khoom siv. Cov khau tawv raug muab faib ua hom nplaum, moulding hom, kev txhaj tshuaj thiab seam hom raws li cov txheej txheem ntawm kev tsim. Cov khau thaiv kev tiv thaiv los tiv thaiv kab mob yog cov khau tiv thaiv uas tua tau hluav taws xob nyob hauv tib neeg lub cev thiab tiv thaiv hluav taws xob los ntawm lub hwj huam hauv qab 250V. Cov khau uas muaj qhov hluav taws xob muaj hluav taws xob ua tau hluav taws xob thiab muaj peev xwm tua tau hluav taws xob hauv lub cev tib lub sij hawm luv luv, thiab tsuas yog siv tau rau cov khau tiv thaiv yam tsis muaj kev nyab xeeb ntawm hluav taws xob. Cov khau rau hluav taws xob yog cov khau tiv thaiv kab mob uas tuaj yeem muab cov neeg taw los ntawm cov khoom nyob thiab tiv thaiv hluav taws xob.
Kev tsim nyog rau kev tiv thaiv khau
Cov khau npo zoo li qub thiab cov khau npog uas ua raws li GB4385-1995 "nkawm khau puag, kev sib tw nkawm nkawm", qhov kev ntsuas tus nqi yog 100 k ~ 1000M thiab tsis ntau tshaj 100k. Ntawm lawv, cov khau tawv tawv yuav tsum tau ua raws li cov kev cai ntawm GB1002-1005; daim ntaub rubber phom yuav tsum ua raws li cov cai HG / T2495. Kev ua haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm cov khau thaiv kev tiv thaiv thiab cov khau thaiv kab mob, ntxiv rau kev ua hluav taws xob, kuj muaj cov khoom ntim, kev nplaum ntawm lub tawb thiab lub sab saud, qhov folding ntawm cov khoom siv, cov ris tsho, ntawm cov khau thiab lwm yam.
Cov khau rau hluav taws xob yuav tsum ua raws li cov cai ntawm GB12011-2000 "General Technical Conditions for Electrically Insulated Shoes". Cov khoom hluav taws xob ntawm hluav taws xob insulating khau thiab cov cuab yeej hluav taws xob insulating khau yog raws li nram no: thaum lub leakage tam sim no yog 0.3 mA / kV, qhov yuav tsum muaj ntawm Daim Ntawv 1 yuav tsum txaus siab.
Cov hluav taws xob cov hluav taws xob ntawm cov roj hmab khau thiab cov thawv ntim hluav taws xob hluav taws xob tau yog: thaum lub chaw ntaiv tam sim no 0.4 mA / kV, qhov uas yuav tsum tau ua hauv Cov Txheej Txheem 2 yuav tsum tau ntsib.
Ntxiv rau cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov hluav taws xob hluav taws xob uas muaj hluav taws xob ua ke yog qhov adhesion lub zog ntawm lub sab saud thiab lub sawb, cov tensile thaj chaw ntawm lub siab, lub zog ntawm qhov loj thiab cov ntaub, lub folding tsis kam ntawm cov chaw, hnav ntawm cov qhwv ntsej, lub tev zog ntawm nkawm khau, thiab dej seepage. Kev sib deev thiab lwm yam.
Kev xaiv hluav taws xob kev tiv thaiv khau
Kev ua haujlwm ntawm kev tiv thaiv khau yuav tsum ua raws li National Standard GB11651-1989 "Cov Cai rau Kev Xaiv Cov Khoom Txuag Xaiv Tsa" thiab "Cov Qauv rau Kev Ua Haujlwm ntawm Cov Khoom Uas Tiv Thaiv Zov Menyuam" (Tshawb Xyuas) "muab los ntawm Lub Xeev Lub Xeev Lag Luam Hloov Lub Peb Hlis 6, 2000 lossis cov cai ntawm lub zos thiab kev lag luam. Kev ua tiav kuj raug xaiv raws li hom kev tiv thaiv kev puas tsuaj thiab chaw ua haujlwm. Piv txwv, qhov teeb meem nyob rau hauv chaw ua hauj lwm feem ntau yog electrostatic kev puas tsuaj, thiab qhov chaw ua hauj lwm yog qhov chaw nyob, koj tuaj yeem xav txog kev siv nkawm khau; thiab tej zaum yuav muaj qhov tsawg tsawg (250V los yog luv dua) hluav taws xob. Rau cov chaw ua haujlwm uas muaj kev puas tsuaj, thiab hauv av ua haujlwm yog thaj av los tiv thaiv zoo li qub, cov khau tiv thaiv zoo li qub yuav raug suav hais tias yog. Cov khau los tiv thaiv zoo li qub thiab cov khau yau uas siv los siv rau cov chaw ua haujlwm petrochemical, pharmaceutical thiab electronics. Yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj nyob hauv chaw ua haujlwm yog hluav taws xob, hluav taws xob thaiv hluav taws xob yuav tsum tau siv thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm.
Tsis tas li ntawd, cov neeg siv yuav xaiv tau cov tshuab hluav taws xob tiv thaiv cov khoom sib txawv raws li qhov chaw ua haujlwm. Piv txwv, feem ntau ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob thiab cov chaw ua lag luam, qhov chaw nyob yog huv thiab cov hauj lwm sib xws yog cov tsawg dua (tsawg zog). Cov khau los tiv thaiv zoo li qub los yog cov khau rau hauv cov roj hmab siv tau, uas yog lub teeb, xis thiab ua pa. Txoj kev lag luam ntawm kev lag luam, xws li refueling (gas) noj, qhov chaw ua hauj lwm yog qhov teeb meem ntau dua, kev ua hauj lwm siv kuj yog siab (taug kev dua), nkawm khau los tiv thaiv los yog siv khau yaus siv tau, uas yog ntau dua rau av thiab hnav. Ib yam li ntawd, nyob hauv ib qho chaw ua haujlwm nrog lub zog ntau zaus ntawm 1 kV los yog luv dua, thiab ib puag ncig yog qhuav, hluav taws xob insulating khau lossis hluav taws xob insulating daim khau nrog rau qhov siab muaj zog ntawm 15 kV los yog tsawg dua. Nyob rau hauv qhov chaw ua hauj lwm qhov chaw uas muaj qhov fais fab tuag ntau dua li 1kV, los yog ib puag ncig qis, hluav taws xob insulating rubber khau boots los yog hluav taws xob insulating yas khau nrog rau qhov siab ntawm qhov siab ntawm 15kV los yog siab dua. Raws li kev siv, cov cai ntawm Txoj Cai Tswj Kev Cob Qhia Kev Ruaj Ntseg Hluav Taws Xob (DL408 thiab DL409) yuav tsum raug saib xyuas.
Tawv khau hluav taws xob ua haujlwm tiv thaiv khau kuj tseem raug xaiv raws li tus neeg nyiam, ntau hom kev ua thiab cov khoom zoo li qub. Tam sim no, cov feem ntau yog cov nplaum thiab tawv khau tawv. Feem ntau ntawm cov khau tawv dai plaub yog cov khau hauv qab thiab cov khau yas tiv thaiv, thiab khau pwm tsis tshua zoo siv tam sim no. Kev ua zoo zoo yog qhov yooj yim tshaj rau tus kws txiav txim, xws li seb puas muaj kev xiam oob khab, tsis muaj xim, thiab hnyav hnyav, dhia stitches, tawg xov tooj, thiab cov cim tsis ncaj.
